Published on in Vol 17 (2025)

1 National Center for Human Factors in Healthcare, MedStar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, United States
2 Institute for Quality and Safety, MedStar Health, Columbia, MD, United States
3 School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
4 Center for Diagnostic Systems Safety, MedStar Health Research Institute, MedStar Health, Columbia, MD, United States
5 University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
6 Toronto East General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
7 Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, United States
8 Section of Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
9 Mothers Against Medical Error, Columbia, SC, United States